We're planting! The preparation was finished up yesterday morning, and purchased transplants (tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers) are in the ground! We also seeded the first round of green beans - both pole and bush. While we were working, our mid-western helpers had a lot of questions about why we ignore seed packets and just about all other common garden wisdom in our preparation and planting.
It's because we live in North Florida. It's a no man's land between USDA zones 9a and 8b where soil consistency varies between lots, where insects and fungi thrive, and where old patterns of rain and temperature have not been very reliable lately. We make our own rules. Mwahahahaha!
Soil preparation: We don't till. One reason is that we have some particularly heinous weeds here that thrive when tilled, just sending out new rootlets along their broken stems. Another is that there are good things in there - like earthworms and beneficial insects, microbes, etc. - that like the little world they've created for themselves. Since good soil is the basis for everything we're going to grow, we try to disturb it as little as possible. For new plots we loosen grass and weeds by wiggling a shovel gently beneath them and pulling them out by hand. Labor intensive - but good work for groups who want to garden. If we'd had more notice about this lot, we would probably have covered it with cardboard for a season to help some of the vegetation die back and begin composting. It would have saved us some work and added more nutrients to the soil.
Seeds and transplants: A number of vegetable seeds that seed packets will suggest fare better sown directly into the ground, we sow in containers to be transplanted later. We need to baby our baby plants here. Periods of soil-baking drought followed by torrential downpours are one reason. We can better mind our sprouting seeds and keep them consistently watered if they're growing in seed flats. Another is the variety of sprout-loving insects that lurk in the garden, waiting for just this kind of thing. And then there are squirrels. How do they know we just planted corn or sunflower seeds? Do they smell them? Or were they watching from the trees? Better to give the little plants a head start before we send them out into the cruel world.
In short,the only things we sow as seeds are plants that truly do not do well when transplanted: root vegetables (carrots, radishes, etc.) and green beans. Everything else gets its start in flats or pots so they can grow up a little before having to fend for themselves.
Mulching: We cover every bit of soil. Mulching both keeps moisture in by prohibiting quick evaporation and keeps weeds down by shielding them from sunlight. We use fallen leaves in the path and hay around the plants to distinguish walking areas from areas freshly planted or about to be planted - keeping soil impaction in the beds to a minimum and saving new sprouts from being stepped on. It also looks pretty. And all that mulch will compost itself as the season wears on, enhancing soil fertility for next seasons veggies.
Watering: We rarely use a sprinkler, preferring to hand water directly at the roots of the plants; this saves water and, during a drought, directs the water to the plants we want to grow rather than to awaiting weeds seeds. If we could afford it, we would invest in drip irrigation. Someday. For now, we're happy strolling through the garden each day, carefully watering each little plant while contemplating our good fortune to have this plot to water.
We can use these more labor intensive methods because we have a relatively small garden - not field after field to be planted and cared for. But the principles are the same for sustainable farming as well (on large farms, not on huge agribusiness enterprises which are too big to manage sustainably). Knowing your particular place - bioregion, ecosystem, neighborhood - in all its peculiarities and conforming the garden/farm practices to that knowledge is vital. And keeping an eye to the future health of that place and the future eaters (whom ideally you care about as family and neighbor) is simply good practice - wherever and whoever you are.
It's a good system to be a part of, even in a small way. We're grateful to the farmers and gardeners who've passed down these ways to us.